How to style, compose and light a flat lay photograph
Street photographer Kiran Cox explores the visual storytelling genre of flat lay photography with his Nikon Z Series setup
Flat lay photography shares a personal story through objects. It is known for gaining high interactions with viewers on social media and is used by many, from bloggers and chefs to graphic desigers and of course photographers!
A few years ago, it used to be my go-to style when I worked as an in-house product photographer and designer for an independent gift company. I always loved when a new range of products would arrive and I had the opportunity to grab some different backgrounds to experiment with, whether it was using different coloured sheets of card or being able to box everything up and head out to find a location. I think coming from a street and documentary photography background is why I enjoyed this the most; being able to explore and hunt down the perfect texture and light always made the result more rewarding.
Composition
Composition is an essential part of any flat lay photograph. It is the composition that will draw the viewer’s eye into the photo, and it is up to you to bring them into the main focal point. This would be your main product/item, most often known as the hero piece. As a good starting point, placing the hero piece in the centre of your frame is an easy way to start building your scene. From here, you can start to add or remove items to see what works best. Remember to take a step back every so often to get a full view of how your layout is coming together.
There are a few different styles of composition you can play with to do this. The most common two are structured layouts, where each item is meticulously placed around your hero piece and a more random looking layout where you can place things at different angles and also have some of your pieces partially cropped out of the frame.
Follow the steps below and you will be well on your way to creating some amazing shots.
How to compose your shot:
- Ensure your hero piece is in the centre and commands the most attention from the viewer.
- Try not to use larger items in the corners of your shot.
- Keep an eye on the distancing between each piece. Keeping things equally spread always works well.
- Negative space can be very distracting, so keep an eye out for this, especially in the corners of your frame.
- Try to focus on the main parts of your hero piece e.g. with the Nikon Z 7 you might want to show the layout of the buttons at the top.
- Try some slightly different angles, adding a very slight tilt can add a lot more depth and dimension to a photograph without taking too much away from the birds-eye view.
- Use items that have different heights. This is a great way to make certain items stand out and make good use of any negative space.
Lighting
In most flat lay photography, you will see an even light spread across the image to avoid long and harsh shadows that might cover some of the items in the scene, and in some cases become a distraction from the main focal point. There are a few ways you can light your photo; natural light (if you are shooting outside, a cloudy sky will give you great even light with hardly any shadows), artificial light such as neon lights from a sign, continuous lighting or a speedlight.
However, in some cases introducing some direct light can help add depth and personality to your photo, if it does not overexpose any of the items you have laid out.
How to use lighting in your photo:
- Try to create an even light across your photo to make sure everything is exposed correctly and equally.
- Be mindful of harsh shadows as they may cover some of your items.
- When photographing items that are reflective, you can often get bright spots that could cover key details you are trying to capture.
- Keep an eye on your white balance. This is especially important if shooting under things such as blue skies, tungsten bulbs and fluorescent tubes.
Shoot flat lay like a pro
Watch Kiran as he styles and composes a flat lay
Balance, colour and tones
This is where you can start to bring out the personality of the photograph and make it unique to your aesthetic. There are a few ways you can go about doing this. Here are a few examples of things you can try:
- Try using a colour that contrasts with the products to help them stand out more, equally using the same colour can be just as visually appealing to the eye.
- Use different textured backgrounds — these always work extremely well e.g. bricks, wooden textures, and concrete.
- If you are using textures, keep them minimal so they do not take away from the items you are showcasing.
Telling a story
I mainly shoot street and documentary photography, and with this genre I am constantly trying to tell a story — either through a single image or from a group of photographs. I wanted to bring this into flat lay photography. Here are a few ways in which you can do this:
- Introduce some personal items into your photograph — such as a pair of sunglasses, a plant or a baseball cap. Just be careful that they do not detract from your hero piece.
- Background and textures always add depth and personality to a shot. If you are using the photos for a blog or Instagram feed, search for textures that match your style and bring out your personality.
- If you are shooting product, try to demonstrate some of its features. One example would be shooting the Z 6 with the tilt screen extended out.
- Bring in other elements such as water. Adding a light mist to your products or background can further help visually tell the story behind the photograph (such as demonstrating the weather sealing capabilities of the Z Series range).
- Postproduction editing. Every photographer edits their photographs in a unique way. Use this to add flavour to your photos.
Configuración
Ahora vienen los aspectos técnicos de las fotografías Flat lay. En lo que respecta a la configuración de la cámara, tenemos la velocidad de obturación, el diafragma, la sensibilidad ISO y la distancia focal a la que se dispara. Este es un breve resumen de algunos ajustes que recomendaría para hacer fotografías Flat lay.
Velocidad de obturación
La manera de configurar la velocidad de obturación depende de cómo vaya a disparar. Si dispara a pulso, debe asegurarse de que la velocidad que configure sea lo suficientemente rápida como para evitar sacudidas de la cámara. Una buena forma de determinar la velocidad de obturación necesaria para no capturar movimientos es duplicar la velocidad de la distancia focal a la que se está disparando. Por ejemplo, si utiliza un objetivo de 50 mm, asegúrese de que la velocidad de obturación no sea inferior a 1/100 de segundo.
Diafragma
El diafragma que elija para disparar depende en realidad de la profundidad de campo que desea que tenga la foto. Por lo general, si dispara a f5.6 o más, esto garantiza que todo aparezca nítido y enfocado en la foto. Si hay objetos mucho más altos que otros, es posible que deba aumentar aún más el diafragma.
Como alternativa, si de verdad desea resaltar una parte específica de la foto para que sea la protagonista, si utiliza un diafragma más estrecho, de f2.8 o inferior, por ejemplo, conseguirá un bonito fondo difuminado.
ISO
En la mayoría de los casos, disparará las fotos Flat lay con una buena fuente de iluminación, por lo que no debería ser necesario utilizar una ISO alta. Lo ideal sería mantenerla lo más baja posible para evitar granos y mantener las fotos lo más nítidas y limpias posibles. La mayoría de las fotografías que he hecho de la serie Z se tomaron con una ISO 500 o inferior. Si trabaja con menos luz, intente utilizar un trípode, ya que así puede reducir la velocidad de obturación y mantener una ISO baja.
Distancia focal
Puede disparar fotografías Flat lay con la mayoría de las distancias focales, pero si utiliza una demasiado ancha, el objetivo comenzará a distorsionarse un poco. Para evitarlo, recomiendo no disparar con un ancho superior a 50 mm. Normalmente solo disparo con un objetivo de 35 mm cuando hago fotografías de calle, pero para trabajar con fotografías Flat lay, hay que acercarse bastante o las fotografías finales tendrán un poco de distorsión.
Edición
Existen muchas aplicaciones para editar fotos. Yo uso principalmente Adobe Lightroom. Es rápida y sencilla y es magnífica para organizar todos los archivos. Si no tiene experiencia con Lightroom, la mejor manera de aprender es ir a las herramientas de edición y mover los controles deslizantes, jugar con la curva del tono y simplemente activar y desactivar las opciones para ver cómo afectan a la imagen. Una vez que sepa para qué sirven cada una de ellas, puede empezar a ajustarlas a su estilo.
También es una herramienta excelente para realizar pequeñas correcciones, como eliminar manchas de polvo y corregir pequeñas zonas de la foto.
Consejos para editar fotografías Flat lay en Lightroom
- Empiece siempre marcando las casillas “Quitar aberración cromática” y “Activar corrección de perfil” de la sección de correcciones del objetivo. Esto reducirá la distorsión del objetivo.
- Tenga cuidado cuando ajuste los colores. Especialmente en las fotografías de productos, es importante procurar que los colores se parezcan todo lo posible a los originales.
- Si dispone de un conjunto completo de fotos con el mismo fondo, guarde como preajuste la edición que más le haya gustado. Luego, puede aplicarlo a todas las fotografías seleccionadas.
- Yo hago ediciones principalmente en las secciones ‘Tono’ y ‘Curva de tonos’. Solo en esta sección puede aumentar drásticamente los colores y tonos naturales de una fotografía.
Zoom in on the action
Exploring abstract macro photography at home
Styling for food photography — a beginner's guide
Answering all how-tos